Web scraping excel power query jobs

...should have a basic understanding of digitazation and you are a critical thinker who can analyse the above matter of the position. You'll need to have expertise in lead generation, particularly in the industries mentioned above. If you had already some experience with lead generation in Switzerland or at least for European companies, this would be a great plus. the data structure should be an excel with minimum the following information: - company name - Some address or city - company website - Industry (one of the 4 above or more detailed) - Some short text about their product (can be e.g. the subtitle of company linkedin page) - contact person name - contact person position - contact person email - some telephone number (can be company or contact person) We ideally ne...

...executive level. You will be my mentor to aid in managing conflicts and disputes. Additionally, your help in building strategic relationships and enhancing my networking capabilities will be essential. Here's a brief on what I need help with: - Deciphering office dynamics: As a mentor, provide insights on understanding and manoeuvring around the changing power dynamics in the office. - Managing Conflicts and Disputes: I'm struggling with power struggles at the executive/leadership level. Your expertise in this matter will help resolve the situation effectively. - Building influential relationships: Teach me how to build and managing networks and relationships that strategically contribute to my professional growth. Ideal candidates will have extensive exper...

I need a freelancer to help me type text from digital files to an Excel spreadsheet. - The data you will be typing is textual in nature, with the content coming from digital files. The final output should be an organized and error-free Excel spreadsheet. - Attention to detail is crucial. The ideal candidate for this job will have experience with data entry, exceptional typing speed and accuracy, and a track record of working efficiently with digital text and Excel. Please be sure to include any relevant experience and your estimated timeframe for completing this task.

I'm looking for a skilled professional to assist with a data entry project. The aim is to input various contact details into a spreadsheet, with a range of essential and additional information. Key responsibilities include: - Entering Name, Email IDs, Phone/Mobile Numbers, and Website Links for each entry. - Including LinkedIn profile links, Other correlated details, and Remar...for each entry. - Including LinkedIn profile links, Other correlated details, and Remarks for each entry. Ideal freelancers for this project should: - Have a background in data entry. - Possess excellent attention to detail. - Be able to work efficiently and accurately. - Familiarity with LinkedIn and other social media platforms. - Experience working with data on spreadsheet platforms like Excel or...

Information” sections (Sections 1 and 3 are for reference only) 【1. Background】 This is a technology related to charging the on-board storage device with power supplied from an external vehicle charging facility. In recent years, the development of electric vehicles capable of “plug-in charging” using a charging cable for power supply has been progressing, and there is a problem of heat loss at the charging facility, charging cable, and vehicle charging inlet. Therefore, technology is required to protect these from excessive temperature rise. On the other hand, to shorten the charging time, it is necessary to increase the charging power, and this may cause excessive heat rise at the contact point. Therefore, by providing a cooling mechanism, we aim t...

I'm looking for a Power BI expert to help me customize a power BI Report to support conditional email subscriptions. Your main task will be to set up email subscriptions that trigger when the data within the report is changed. This will involve establishing appropriate conditions and ensuring the subscription system is reliable and responsive.

I need an experienced data entry freelancer who can assist with a high priority task. The project involves inputting data into an Excel spreadsheet and carrying out online data entry tasks. The ideal candidate will be proactive, detail-oriented, and able to work efficiently with minimal supervision.

...professional who can help with an enhancement to our powerflow analysis utilizing Power Factory software. This project is primarily focused on conducting a comprehensive powerflow analysis to improve the efficiency and reliability of our power systems. Key Responsibilities: - Conduct a powerflow analysis using Power Factory software - Implement enhancements to improve overall power system efficiency - Ensure compliance with regulatory standards and best practices - Provide a detailed report on the analysis and suggested improvements Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in Power Factory software - Strong background in power systems analysis - Familiarity with power losses, voltage stability, and power transfer optimization ...

...ideal candidate will have experience and expertise in web scraping, particularly from social media profiles, professional networking sites, and company websites. Key Responsibilities: - Collect email addresses from social media profiles, professional networking sites, and company websites. - Ensure the collection is accurate and up-to-date. - Provide the email addresses in a well-organized manner, making it easy to integrate into our marketing campaign. Target Industries: The primary focus for this collection is media, video production, photo production, TV production, film production, and music production. This means that your understanding of the sectors is crucial for the success of this project. Skills required: - Web scraping - Data collection - Exp...

I'm in need of an Excel Calculation Expert. I have data spreadsheets that need to do the calculations using Excel Your primary task will be to: - I've dataset (excel file), that needs to do the calculation using excel - Once it done then you need to write report as per following requirement Deadline: 10 hours or less

I need an Excel expert to assist me with various tasks involving data analysis and calculation 1. I have data and you need to do the historical data 2. After that you are required to write report as per requirement and instruction 3. Deadline: you may take 8-10 hours

I am seeking a talented pop vocalist with a knack for creativity. This exciting project involves converting a poem into a song. Key Responsibilities: - Create a pop melody for a specified poem - Bring the poem to life through song. Ideal skills: - Previous experience in the Pop genre - Strong vocal a...for creativity. This exciting project involves converting a poem into a song. Key Responsibilities: - Create a pop melody for a specified poem - Bring the poem to life through song. Ideal skills: - Previous experience in the Pop genre - Strong vocal abilities - Previous songwriting experience or ability to translate poetry into musical form. This is a fantastic opportunity for those who excel in conjuring up catchy pop melodies and are skilled at breathing new life into writ...

I have a specific custom Google map that I need data from. The data I require includes: Business name, Customers name, Address, City, State, Postcode, website, phone. Key points: - You will be scraping a specific custom Google map - The data needed includes Business name, Customers name, Address, City, State, Postcode, website, phone Ideal Skills: - Proficient in web scraping techniques - Expertise in data extraction from Google Maps - Experience in handling large datasets - Attention to detail for accurate data gathering. Ideally i would like this in a CSV format. There are aprox 720 records in the custom google map.

...professional who can help with an enhancement to our powerflow analysis utilizing Power Factory software. This project is primarily focused on conducting a comprehensive powerflow analysis to improve the efficiency and reliability of our power systems. Key Responsibilities: - Conduct a powerflow analysis using Power Factory software - Implement enhancements to improve overall power system efficiency - Ensure compliance with regulatory standards and best practices - Provide a detailed report on the analysis and suggested improvements Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in Power Factory software - Strong background in power systems analysis - Familiarity with power losses, voltage stability, and power transfer optimization ...

I need a data entry specialist to help me with a simple task of entering data into spreadsheets. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficient in data entry, specifically into spreadsheets, with a keen eye for detail - Experience working with Excel or similar tools - Ability to maintain accuracy and meet deadlines - Good communication skills and reliability Looking forward to working with a professional who can complete the task efficiently and accurately.

In this project, I need a freelancer who can meticulously manage data entry tasks. Ideal Skills: - Strong data entry skills, specifically with text data. - Advanced knowledge of Excel and data management within it. - Ability to understand and follow custom data organization instructions. Job Summary: - Enter text data into Excel format, understanding the importance of accuracy. - The data must be organized in a specific, custom order that I will provide. - Experience in similar jobs and a keen eye for detail will be highly beneficial.

I'm in urgent need of a skilled content writer who possesses strong proficiencies in Microsoft Excel. The primary task will involve generating written material for my organization, with an additional responsibility requiring accurate invoice creation. Your responsibilities in detail: - Generate compelling content that aligns with my organization's goals and objectives. - You would also be responsible for creating invoices using Microsoft Excel. Ideal qualifications and skills: - A strong grasp of the English language with excellent writing skills. - Prior experience with content writing and invoice creation. - Expert understanding of Microsoft Excel, particularly when it pertains to invoice creation.

...related to these invoices. Once this functionality is implemented, I want to integrate it with Excel to call the GPT model directly from Excel cells and receive responses in the same cells. Project Requirements: GPT-Invoices Setup: The custom GPT "GPT-Invoices" should be able to analyze invoices stored in a OneDrive folder. The OneDrive folder will have subfolders for each month containing our company’s purchasing and selling invoices. The GPT should be capable of answering questions related to these invoices. For example: "Sum all subtotals of invoices in folder April2024invoices." Integration with Excel: From within Excel, I want to be able to call the custom GPT "GPT-Invoices" by writing a query in a cell. For...

I need a skilled professional to design and develop a suite of low-code applications using Power Automate and Power BI. These applications will serve both internal employees and external clients. Key Responsibilities: - Automating complex business processes: I need someone who can create a system that can handle high complexity with advanced data processing and integrations. - Data Analysis and Visualization: You'll be required to develop analytical tools that can process and visualize data effectively. - Custom Form Development: I need custom forms to be built for various purposes within the applications. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in Power Automate and Power BI: You need to be well-versed in both these tools to be able to create power...

...looking for a detail-oriented individual to assist with a data entry project. The task involves entering a variety of data types including numeric, text, and alphanumeric, into an Excel file. Key Details: - You will be working with a spreadsheet that has more than 10 columns. - I require the data to be formatted in a specific way: - Color coding: Certain cells should be filled with specific colors. - Conditional formatting: Cells should be formatted based on specific criteria. - Data validation rules: Certain cells should only accept specific types of data. Skills required: - Proficiency in Excel, including experience with conditional formatting, data validation, and color coding. - Strong attention to detail to ensure accurate data entry. - Efficient and r...

Looking for someone with advanced skills in Excel and PDF interactivity who can transform a multi-sheet excel document into an editable PDF, while maintaining its ability to be converted back into an excel document. The purpose of this conversion is to enhance collaboration, hence the PDF should feature: - Interactive input fields that can be edited. - Checkbox and/or radio button functionalities. Also looking to add our company logo in the header and company info (addresses, phone numbers etc) in the footer. The ideal freelancer would not only support this conversion, but also maintain the original formatting to protect the sanctity of the document. Previous experience in similar work would be advantageous. Looking forward to your proposals!

...recurring project, and I require the newsletter to be sent out on a weekly basis. Key Requirements: - Design and Set-up: I need someone with a keen eye for design who can make the newsletter visually appealing and professional. - Audience Focused: The content of the newsletter should be tailored and engaging for experienced freelancers, providing them with valuable insights and tips that can help them excel in their freelance careers. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in designing newsletters, specifically for experienced professionals. - Familiarity with email marketing tools for managing and sending out newsletters. - Strong understanding of the freelance industry and the needs of experienced freelancers. This is a long-term project, so I'm looking for a ...

I'm encountering issues converting Excel formulas to Google Sheets, particularly with the VLOOKUP function. The problematic formula in question is central to my data analysis processes. I need a professional who can troubleshoot and effectively convert these formulas to be compatible with Google Sheets. Key Tasks: - Identify the source of the "IFERROR" error in the VLOOKUP formula as it functions in Google Sheets. - Modify the formula for accurate results in Google Sheets, ensuring it retains its original functionality post-conversion. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficient in both Excel and Google Sheets formulas and functions. - Strong experience with VLOOKUP and IFERROR. - Ability to troubleshoot and adapt formulas across different spreadsheet platforms...

I need assistance in creating a specialized budgeting spreadsheet focusing on drivers license renewal costs. As someone who understands the intricacies of financial data, you...understands the intricacies of financial data, your task encompasses the following: - Developing a budgeting spreadsheet with an emphasis on renewal fees. - Including a feature for expense tracking and an income versus expenses comparison. - Incorporating a mechanism for budget forecasts to plan my finances better. The ideal freelancer for this task should excel in financial data management and have a comprehensive understanding of Excel or similar platforms. Previous experience in creating budget planning or financial management tools would be a significant advantage. Let's simplify my financia...

As the client, I need a website that can function offline, primarily aimed at assigning 3D components to various errors. These components should be simple structural designs. The basis for the as...the client, I need a website that can function offline, primarily aimed at assigning 3D components to various errors. These components should be simple structural designs. The basis for the assignment of these components is a manual input system. Integrating a feature for capturing photos of these errors is also crucial for this project. Ideal skills and Experience: • Proficient in 3D designs • Web Development Skills • Experience with Offline Application Development Key Features: • Assign 3D Components to Errors (manual input basis) • Capture Photos of Errors ...

As the client, I am search of a seasoned virtual assistant to support me during typical work hours, 9am to 5pm (UTC +1). The ideal candidate will possess the following expertise: CRM MANAGEMENT: Monitor and manage follow-ups and sales activities within the CRM. Update and maintain accurate records of customer interactions and sales leads. Assist in developing ...tasks as assigned by the CEO. QUALIFICATIONS: Proven experience as a Virtual Assistant or in a similar administrative role. Excellent written and verbal communication skills. Strong organizational and time-management abilities. High level of professionalism and confidentiality. Ability to work independently and handle multiple tasks simultaneously. Proficiency in Microsoft Office Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) and Google ...

I'm looking for a skilled developer to update...controllers in my Laravel backend for my React Native application. Specifically, I need help with a single task to start, and if that goes well will task additional items thereafter: 1. Laravel Backend has a 'ProviderController' which sends 'Provider' results to app based on distance within radius. There is a 'Mobile Only' option that when checked is not limiting results to within that radius. The query is a bit messy, but is likely where the change needs to be made (see attached). App is published to TestFlight already and should not need to modify React Native source to address this, but can provide if needed. Ideally looking for a developer who can fix this bug fairly quickly, then will have on...

Hi There, I am current...can scrape the content from the existing website, and structure it exactly the same way in WordPress using ACF (Advanced Custom Fields) and Post Types. I can share with you the website URL of the existing website to show the above structure, and how it has currently been setup. Key requirements: - Scraping photo galleries from a ColdFusion website - Integrating scraped content into my WordPress website Ideal skills and experience: - Proficient in WordPress development - Experienced in web scraping, particularly from ColdFusion sites - Strong understanding of data display and manipulation on WordPress - Good communication skills for understanding and discussing project needs Please make sure to include examples of similar work you have done...

...with direct links to the pages/templates where this work has been started. I need someone who is proficient enough with these tools to be fairly self-directed once given access. My web/marketing manager can give you access to the source site if needed, but you then ideally will be able to make sense of the setup and put things in place as intended to achieve this functionality without recreating the wheel. As an example, there is a Styles page for which a screenshot of the hero section is attached, showing Portfolio Items as well as Artists related to that style. The Artists are shown via a Query Builder query that uses a "Grandchild/Grandparent" relation, looking at the Portfolio Items related to the style, then checking the Artist that is related to ...

... The dashboard will feature an AI-driven recommendation system that not only presents news articles but also provides analytical insights into trending topics and sentiment analysis of news content. Objectives: Main Goal: Develop a web application that personalizes news content for users based on their reading habits and preferences. Secondary Goals: Implement data visualization features to display trends and sentiment analysis of news articles. Minimum Requirements: Content Aggregator: Develop a system that pulls news data from various APIs or web scraping. User Profile Management: Create functionality for users to register, login, and specify their interests and preferences. Recommendation Engine: Implement a machine learning model to analyze user behavior and c...

I'm seeking a skilled data architect for providing consultation and recommendations on a Statement of Work (SOW) that involves data warehousing, ad hoc reporting, complex SQL format...recommendations on the SOW for data warehousing - Offering expertise on ad hoc reporting and complex SQL formation - Helping to streamline data storage and improve decision-making - Ensuring the architecture can support monthly data integrations Ideal candidates should have: - Proven experience as a data architect - Expertise in data warehousing and ad hoc reporting - Strong SQL skills, including complex query formation - Familiarity with streamlining and enhancing data storage - Experience in supporting monthly data integrations Your insights and guidance in this project are crucial for our lon...

I'm searching for a competent Power App Developer to develop a specific app for a client > with the opportunity for regular work. Im not looking for 'complexity' but efficiency of solution creation and ability to understand clients data and work flows

...with direct links to the pages/templates where this work has been started. I need someone who is proficient enough with these tools to be fairly self-directed once given access. My web/marketing manager can give you access to the source site if needed, but you then ideally will be able to make sense of the setup and put things in place as intended to achieve this functionality without recreating the wheel. As an example, there is a Styles page for which a screenshot of the hero section is attached, showing Portfolio Items as well as Artists related to that style. The Artists are shown via a Query Builder query that uses a "Grandchild/Grandparent" relation, looking at the Portfolio Items related to the style, then checking the Artist that is related to ...

Description: We are currently seeking a dynamic and motivated freelance cold caller to join our team and assist in prequalifying low-income prospects for our revolutionary no-cost health benefits program. This is an excellent opportunity for individuals who are skilled in high-volume cold calling and have a passion for help...management. Benefits: -Daily and Weekly Bonuses based on production!!! -Competitive compensation based on performance and call volume. -Opportunity to make a meaningful impact by helping low-income individuals access essential healthcare services. -Potential for growth and advancement within the company based on performance. If you are passionate about making a difference and have the skills to excel in a fast-paced cold calling environment, we want to hear...

I require an experienced industrial designer to construct a high-capacity, 1-liter water bottle. This innovative product design project involves integrating a power bank into a functional water bottle, harmonizing hydration and tech convenience. Key Features and Requirements: - A 1-liter water bottle with a built-in power bank - Built-in power bank should have a charging capacity of 20000mAh - The water bottle can be made of stainless steel or BPA-free plastic Ideal skills and experience: - Industrial design - Experience in designing similar products - Familiarity with working with stainless steel and BPA-free plastic - Understanding of the safety standards for the integration of electronics with drinking vessels. This project blends quintessential daily use items...

I am seeking bids to determine the budget for the project listed below: I need...site responsiveness and evaluating overall mobile site performance. - Results Presentation: The final task is to present the matching results in an xlsx sheet. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in AI development and web scraping techniques - Prior experience with LinkedIn Premium data extraction is highly preferred - Strong background in mobile site speed testing - Proficient in exporting data to xlsx files This project requires a high level of accuracy and efficiency in data collection, analysis, and presentation. A detailed understanding of web scraping and AI development is crucial. Please only bid if you have the necessary experience and can complete this project w...

I require a proficient web scraper to extract varied data types including text content, images, and metadata from specific websites. The primary function will be to gather, organize and present data in a structured and usable format. - Skills and Experience Required: - Strong knowledge in web scraping tools and techniques - Familiarity with data extraction, mining, and storage - Proven track record in delivering similar projects Due to a time-sensitive nature, I will need this project to be completed within a month. The quick turnaround shouldn't compromise the quality or functionality of the web-scraper. Do bear in mind that reliability, efficiency, and accuracy of the data extraction process should be prioritized in the scope of this proj...

...Developer to automate tasks relating to a list of codes (stored in a txt file, excel file, etc) and Web interaction, for a demostration of micro RPA possibilities Basically you will take 1 data from 1 excel cell (example cell d5) with that data you will create an hyperlink the link will be a fixed text + the code taken from excel you will open a broswer tab with that link IF one text is present in the resulting html response, you will close the tab, and repeat the process with the next data from the file If another text is present, you will "click" 3 or 4 following buttons Iterate with the next data from the excel file Until Excel's data EOF Everything configurable via external TXT file - name of the excel file or txt file -...

...developers. Responsibilities  Design and implement efficient database solutions for our organization, leveraging Netezza and Oracle technologies.  Lead a team of developers in the implementation and maintenance of database systems.  Collaborate with other stakeholders to gather requirements and define database architecture to meet business needs.  Optimize database performance through indexing, query optimization, and other performance tuning techniques.  Develop and enforce data standards and best practices to ensure data integrity and security.  Provide technical guidance and mentorship to junior developers.  Troubleshoot database issues and provide timely resolution.  Stay up-to-date with the latest trends and technologies in database management and architecture. Ski...

This price is only to post this project. Price will be discussed after providing full requirements. I need a browser extension developer for Chrome and Firefox for long term. I have so many projects in my mind to start. So, I am looking for developer for long term. Key Requirements: - Development of a Browser extension for Chrome and Firefox - Primary function should be automation, scraping etc.. - More details will be provided to the selected Freelancer. New freelancer who have expertise in this skills can also apply and they will get the opportunity to work in a long term project and they will get good reviews to boost their profiles. Thanks.

Dear freelancers, I need help to promote a petition against corruption in the entrepreneur program in Australia. The main goal is to increase petition signatures. Key Responsibilities: - Scrape some websites to gather contacts from 'Entrepreneurs and business owners' groups in Australia. - Sending mass emails / DMs that with a link to this a petition . If possible, create groups on other social media platforms. I have a vision problem and need to avoid looking at screens, so I don't have social media accounts. if it works and I get a grant, I will offer a $500 bonus at least and future gigs with good pay. Thank you.

We are an Ecommerce company dealing with variety products and we are looking for a ...Social Media Ads Manager to join our team. The tasks includes but not limited to: Creating the ads on different Social Media Platforms Create reports in Excel, and Google Sheets on a daily and monthly basis Turning off the ads which are not delivering the acceptable ROI Creating a new ad for the stopped campain Write text for the posts Edit Pictures and videos in Canva or Capcut The Ads Manager must be solely free for this project and not committed to any other task, job or study work hours: 6 days a week, 10 hours a day The agent must be fluent in both Arabic and English Must also have good communications and sales skills Can work on Excel Have sufficient experience in Social Media Ads and ...

Hello there, We will translate your Excel file (Magic Jackpot Ads (Slots)) into Hungarian. Thank you!

I'm seeking a logo designer to craft a captivating symbol that represents brand recognition. This logo should encapsulate our core values: trust, reliability, stoicism, power, sisu, professionalism and quality. I have in mind color schemes that either pairs black and gold together or combines blue, gray and white. The ideal freelancer for this job would be experienced in branding and potentially marketing, with a sophisticated understanding of color psychology and simplicity. I'm aiming for a logo that not only distinguishes our brand but also resonates with our audience on a deeper level. Connect with me if you're ready to create a memorable design that conveys trust and quality. The company is a one stop financial marketplace for all business funding needs. The com...

I'm looking for a freelancer who can create a comprehensive, user-friendly Google Form and Excel template system. This system will be geared towards the hotel management sector and will be used for recording bookings, sales, expenses, and other business-related data. Key Requirements: - Design and Implementation of Google Form: The form should be intuitive and easy to use. It should have fields for recording bookings, sales, expenses, and other relevant business information. - Excel Templates: The gathered data from the form should be integrated into a set of Excel templates. These templates should be professionally designed and easy for hotel management to use. Your Role: - Your role will be to create a system that can manage multiple businesses. The system sho...

...work under tight deadlines **Requirements:** - Design a unique, illustrative logo that embodies my brand's values and essence. - The final logo must be scalable, as its primary use has not been defined yet; it could range from web applications to print materials or product packaging. - Deliverables include the original vector files and high-resolution PNGs. - Must be available for a brief consultation before starting and open to revisions, if necessary. **Timeline:** - Complete within 2 days from project start. This project is ideal for creative freelancers who excel under pressure and have a knack for delivering high-quality work promptly. Your contribution will play a pivotal role in the launch of my new product, and I'm excited to see how your creativity wi...

...operations support assistant to aid me in daily tasks. Key Responsibilities: - Spreadsheet Management: You will be tasked with keeping our Excel sheets organized and updated to ensure seamless operations. - Report Generation: You will also be responsible for generating reports for our activities. These reports must be clear, concise, and error-free. - Daily Calls: You will make regular teams calls within the operations team. - Research & Analysis: The role will also require you to conduct research and analysis on various topics as needed. Your Excel Skills: I need a candidate who is proficient in Excel. An intermediate level of understanding and experience in Excel is a requirement for this role. You need to have a personal computer and a data speed ...

...1cm/sec along predefined paths, creating an ethereal and almost magical motion effect. Key aspects of the project include: - Designing the platforms to accommodate smooth indoor floors; these are the expected terrains where the platforms will be operating and the design should incorporate elements friendly to an indoor setting. - The platforms should be able to function through an electric power source. This means your experience in electrically powered machinery is a necessity. You should ideally possess a strong foundational knowledge of engineering principles relevant to automated systems, prior experience with automated platforms or robotics would be a definite plus. Your problem-solving skills will come into play in tackling the challenge of creating a gentle and imper...

Looking for a Python & Active Directory Expert to create a script and test data to capture all meta data linked to and which describes the confined parameters of an AD account, group policy etc. and export to a MS Excel File. More information attached.

...search of a skilled freelancer proficient in web scraping with Scrapy to extract product data from This project involves scraping the Category page to retrieve product details including name, price, SKU, URL, breadcrumb, currency, and brand. Targeted webpage: Category page of Required data: Product name, price, SKU, URL, breadcrumb, currency, and brand Experience: Prior experience in scraping product-related information from e-commerce sites is essential, with proficiency in Scrapy being crucial for accurate and efficient data extraction. Data Handling: Ability to ensure accuracy and consistency of extracted data. Familiarity with different data formats is advantageous. Dynamic Scraping: Navigation logic for all categories must be