1968 camaro realistic drawing art illustration jobs

I'm seeking a skilled 3D artist to create realistic renderings of product images for my catalog. Here's what I need: - High-quality, realistic 3D renderings of product images. Your ability to craft lifelike renderings that accurately showcase product details will be central to this project. - All images should be delivered in JPEG format. Please ensure that the quality of the renderings is preserved during the conversion process. - I prefer a realistic aesthetic for the 3D products. The goal is to make the products look as real and appealing as they would in a physical store. The visuals should evoke trust and excitement in potential customers. To be successful in this job, you should have: - Extensive experience in 3D rendering and digital art. - P...

I'm seeking a talented illustrator with a knack for c...for someone who can inject a lot of personality and character into their work. Main responsibilities will include: - Creating compelling and engaging classic cartoon representations of fantasy characters. - Working closely with me to understand the project's unique demands and delivering accurate interpretations. Ideal candidates for this job: - Have phenomenal aesthetics in classic cartoon art. - Possess a deep understanding and love for fantasy characters. - Can provide a portfolio of previous works to demonstrate their capabilities. Your role will be to bring life and emotion to my ideas, making them vibrant and compelling. Show me your best work in your proposal, let's create amazing classic cartoon fan...

I'm seeking a talented graphic designer to create a realistic silhouette of a human figure for my logo. Given the nature of my brand, this silhouette should embody a universally appealing aesthetic while maintaining the identifiable form of a human figure. INCLUDE THE GOLF CLUB. I would also like to have a version of the outline of the human figure only without the black fill Key Requirements: - Expertise in creating realistic silhouette designs, particularly focused on human figures. - Proficiency in a variety of digital design tools - A creative eye that can contribute fresh and innovative ideas - The ability to work collaboratively and receptive to feedback Please note that the desired emotion or feeling the silhouette should evoke was not specified, leaving roo...

Hi i-Tech Art, I noticed your profile and would like to offer you my project. We can discuss any details over chat.

I'm seeking a talented graphic designer to create a vector image of a perfume bottle. The design needs to be vintage-themed, capturing the essence of the original image.. The final design must also incorporate the brand name. The ideal freelancer will have: - Proficiency in vector image creation - E...Proficiency in vector image creation - Expertise in design Attention to detail is crucial for this project, in order to maintain the accuracy and beauty of the original design while adding the necessary branding elements. This graphic will be used on product packaging, so quality and impact are vital. The file is required in an AI file and layered PSD file. I need two versions, one like a line drawing version and the other a more of a block version with some details. I have att...

Refer to the aboriginal art attachment - all website entries must adopt this style of graphic design to be considered. Products & Services: -Cultural Awareness Training -Pathway Programs -Tourism -Site Clearance & Monitoring Training -Community Programs -Cultural Arts & Craft Pathways -Dance Academy/Dusty feet mob -Consultancy -Cultural Education camp -Mentoring Program -Aboriginal Cultural Activities -Traditional Healing Features and Purpose: - The primary purpose of the website will be to describe and promote my services, which include cultural workshops, training sessions, event planning and coordination. I also provide specialized services as an Aboriginal liaison officer and possess the ability to design and execute corporate training packages. - In addition...

take existing PDF drawing, convert them to models, load analyse x 2 and add material if not strong enough, do a drawing set.

I am seeking a Sketchup Guru to create a 3D model for architectural visualization purposes. The ideal candidate should have experience in creating modern architectural designs and be able to incorporate intermediate level textures and materials for a realistic presentation. The project requires attention to detail and the ability to bring the vision to life. This project would be perfect for someone who is creative and skilled in using Sketchup to create visually stunning designs.

...Details: - Purpose: The primary goal of this poster is to promote my product and increase its visibility. - Theme: The design should be modern and sleek. It needs to stand out and catch the viewer's attention. - Elements: The design should include: - Text: List of our donut flavours (Pistachio / Lemon Curd / Custard / Cinammon / Nutella / + Limited Edition flavours) - Company Logo & Brand Illustration: My company's logo needs to be prominently displayed. (This will be provided to you.) Ideal Skills and Experience: - Graphic Design: A strong portfolio of sleek and modern design work will be essential. - Branding: Understanding of how to integrate a company's brand identity into the design. - Marketing: Experience with creating promotional materials would ...

...(with the possibility of more projects in future). The ideal candidate for this project should have a strong proficiency in Revit software and have a proven track record in architectural drafting. Key details: - You’ll be responsible for creating a full drawing set suitable to apply for a building permit in Ontario (stamp provided by others). - Work will include detailing shop drawings for proprietary Passive House assemblies (samples will be provided). - I'll provide you with concept drawings and CAD files for a similar completed drawing set as the base for your work. - The project demands exceptional attention to detail and precision. - Work to be confidential under NDA agreement Ideal skills and experience: - Proficient in Revit software. - Previous experi...

More details: I need social media banners and logos for Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok. I need logos that are engravable on parts. I want logos that are text only, Artwork only, and Combination logo of text and art. This is a ground up business marketing artwork package to cover all branding and first round of merchandise. What is the primary purpose of the logos and merchandise artwork you need? Branding and promotion What information should successful freelancers include in their application? Past work Which merchandise items are you planning to apply the artwork to? T-shirts, Stickers

* iOS & Android (phone + tablet) * Web Admin Dashboard (Used to create learning app) * Web Customer Dashboard to access flash cards from web browser * Mobile Responsive * This will be a learning app * Flash card, It will have Images + Audio + Text to learn new words (thousands of total words) * Flashcard will have 2-3 art styles (Realistic, Cartoon Art, 3d Art) * Flashcard will have 2 voice over, male & female * Ability to handle stripe processing for each flashcard set. If you have experience + past work in this area, it's a plus * I'm open for new ideas from you when applying * $ released on successful test and is bug free * I will need source code upon payment * Please type "I've read everything" when applying to be consid...

... * The first design should feature a dead tree placed on the back right side of the t-shirt. * The second design requires a vibrant, full-of-life tree on the back left side, contrasting with the first design. The designs should be: * Styled Realistically: The tree designs must be realistic rather than abstract or cartoonish. * Earth Tones: The colors employed in these designs should be earth tones, representative of the natural enviroment of trees. Ideal Skills and Experience: * Experience in realistic illustrations and t-shirt designs. * Strong understanding of color schemes, specially earth tones. * Good intuition for balancing elements in a design. Note: No text or typography is required to be incorporated in the designs. Avante-garde and creative approaches ar...

I'm in need of assistance in creating engineering drawings specifically in mechanical assembly drawings using SolidWorks. If you are proficient in creating and manipulating 3D models, this might be the project for you. Skills and Experience Required: - SolidWorks proficiency - Expert in mechanical assembly drawings - Strong grasp on engineering principles - Attention to detail for crea...are proficient in creating and manipulating 3D models, this might be the project for you. Skills and Experience Required: - SolidWorks proficiency - Expert in mechanical assembly drawings - Strong grasp on engineering principles - Attention to detail for creating detailed drawings Looking forward to working with an expert having a deep understanding of SolidWorks for mechanical engineering dra...

I'm in need of a skilled CAD drafter to assist in producing a detailed multi-floor house plan in accordance to civil engineering standards. The expected deliverable will be a comprehensive CAD drawing showcasing the house's architectural design. Key elements to include in this project: - Detailed multi-floor layout - Room and space arrangement - Specific architectural features of the house For this task, significant experience in architectural CAD along with sound knowledge of civil engineering principles is a must. Please share examples of similar projects that showcase your attention to detail and understanding of multi-floor house plans. I look forward to seeing your proposals.

I'm aiming to procure an artist who can use AI technology to enhance a photo of a human face, making it appear more realistic. This enhanced image will be used for a party flyer. The party theme is a tropical birthday party specifically aimed at an adult demographic. Key Requirements: - Enhancing a photo of a human face - Creating a realistic and engaging design - Adapting the design to suit a tropical-themed party flier - Ensuring the design is appealing to an adult audience Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in photo editing and manipulation - Experience with AI technology for image enhancement - Creativity in adapting design to suit specific themes - Understanding of design principles for adult audiences, particularly for party invitations

I require an experienced drafter to create comprehensive workshop fabrication drawings for structural steel components (specifically beams and columns). These drawings need to be in PDF format. While no specific standard or code was requested by me, it would be beneficial for potential candidates to have a strong knowledge of structural steel design codes. Proficiency in tekla, advance steel or similar software is a minimum requirement for this project. A set of drawings for review will be required prior to the release of the milestone payment, once the engineer approves the drawings for fabrication the payment will be processed via freelancer. I have architectural and engineering plans reflecting all critical specifications

I'm looking for talented cartoonists to create ...sophisticated. - The purpose of this project is to entertain and engage our readers. - I want the cartoons to represent the African American culture in a tasteful and authentic way. - The tone should be light-hearted, fun and humorous. Attached is an example cartoon. I need about 20 of these done with African American characters. Ideal Skills and Experience: - A strong background in cartoon illustration, particularly with diverse characters. - An understanding of African American culture and humor will be crucial. - Previous experience creating content for newsletters or other media platforms is a plus. - Must be able to deliver original, high-quality work in a timely manner. I look forward to seeing your portfolios and b...

I am seeking an expert graphics designer to create pencilized art which will be used as illustrations. The style I am after is cartoonish, providing a fun, engaging perspective to my images. Key tasks & requirements include: - Translating existing images into pencilized, cartoon-styled art - Delivering visually engaging illustrations in a fun, creative style Ideal skills and experience: - Skilled in creating pencilized art, particularly in a playful, cartoonish style - Proven record in transforming existing images into engaging, illustrated art - Great attention to detail and adherence to project specifications - Fastidious time management and ability to meet deadlines. I HAVE ATTACHED A REFERENCE PLEASE CONSIDER! I need for both pictures. I am eager to...

I'm in the process of creating a children's book and in need of a skilled illustrator to bring my story to life. Key Details: - **Illustration Style**: Looking for a talented artist who can create whimsical and engaging cartoons. - **Number of Illustrations**: I require 32 unique illustrations, so someone with experience in larger projects would be a great fit. - **Book Cover Design**: Ability to design a captivating book cover is a must. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in creating high-quality cartoon illustrations for children's books. - A strong portfolio showcasing previous similar work. - Proficiency in design software and the ability to adapt to different visual styles. - Great communication skills and the ability to understand and reflect...

Original project: I am seeking an expert graphics designer to create pencilized art which will be used as illustrations. The style I am after is cartoonish, providing a fun, engaging perspective to my images. Key tasks & requirements include: - Translating existing images into pencilized, cartoon-styled art - Delivering visually engaging illustrations in a fun, creative style Ideal skills and experience: - Skilled in creating pencilized art, particularly in a playful, cartoonish style - Proven record in transforming existing images into engaging, illustrated art - Great attention to detail and adherence to project specifications - Fastidious time management and ability to meet deadlines. I HAVE ATTACHED A REFERENCE PLEASE CONSIDER! I need for both pictu...

3d inlays design for 3d printing

...contract development, Solidity programming, and Blockchain integration. Additionally, skills related to NFTs and art (Web3 artist) are highly desirable for this project. Key Responsibilities: - Develop and deploy smart contracts on the blockchain - Implement and integrate blockchain technology for the dApp - Design and integrate NFTs and other art-related aspects into the platform Functionalities Required: - User authentication - Token trading - Voting system Ideal Skills and Experience: - Previous experience in DeFi or gaming dApp development - Strong knowledge in Smart contract development, Solidity programming, and Blockchain integration - Familiarity with NFT marketplaces and Web3 art would be a huge advantage - Ability to implement user authentication, token...

I am working on finishing my basement as a spaceship themed theatre and need to convert my ideas into a model in SketchUp Process will be - I will provide an existing sketchup drawing with the shell of the room - I will provide inspirational Ai generated art showing what we want to achieve (but we will simplify it) - I will create videos of the space with what goes where and measurements so you can adapt it - Daily you will send the latest model and I'll suggest changes Desired Skills - interior design - audio and video equipment positioning

I'm in need of a skilled graphic designer to create a series of illustrative images for my new Thermal Clip-on Viewer. These images will be used in marketing and promotional materials, specifically targeting military personnel. - The style of the i...Viewer. These images will be used in marketing and promotional materials, specifically targeting military personnel. - The style of the images should be illustrative, rather than photorealistic or technical diagram-based. I believe this will help in engaging the target audience, making the product more appealing to them. This project requires someone with: - Proficiency in graphic design and illustration - Experience in creating marketing and promotional materials - Understanding of the military industry and its visual language ...

I am looking for a talented and experienced claymation artist to design a unique, realistic, and engaging human-like character, primarily for entertainment purposes. Key Responsibilities: - Design and create a claymation character that mirrors human characteristics and features - Render the character in a realistic fashion, with attention to detail and accuracy - Should possess an exceptional creative flair, keeping the entertainment value high Ideal Candidate: - Proven expertise in claymation - Strong portfolio demonstrating a focus on realism and detailed work - Exceptional creativity and innovation - Experience in entertainment-centric projects would be favourable Looking forward to witnessing your unique vision for this project!

We are looking for a talented graphic designer to create a realistic silhouette of a Bearded Vulture for a banner that will be printed in real size (approximately 1.5 x 3 meters). The banner will serve as an educational tool for children, allowing them to pose next to it and be amazed by the size of this magnificent bird. Project requirements: -Silhouette design: Produce a realistic silhouette of a Bearded Vulture. The silhouette should be accurate in proportion and detail. -Banner design: Create a visually appealing banner incorporating the Bearded Vulture silhouette. Add small elements such as the species name, logos, website, height and size info of the species, and other design elements to make the banner attractive. -File format: Provide the final design in vector files...

I'm seeking an experienced professional who can transform a detailed drawing of a particular part into a manufacturing-ready sheetmetal design. The ideal candidate for this project should be well-versed in sheetmetal work and CAD software.

I need someone to do some digital drawings for me, illustrating some pieces of clothing in sketch form. I'll send a photo of the reference clothing item, and they just need to draw the clothing. Done in Procreate or Photoshop, preferably Procreate. I need it quickly, but the drawing is very simple. I need the drawing to convey exactly how the clothing is, for example, the material of the garment should be identifiable by the drawing. Additionally, I need some shadows on the body to make it more realistic, but nothing extremely complicated.

...feel. Key Details: - The purpose of this digital illustration is specifically for clothing. It's crucial that the design works well with textile printing techniques and retains its quality when printed. - Desired style is an engaging fusion of Japanese and Yakuza thematic elements, which would require someone with a strong understanding and appreciation of these themes. - Although this job pertains to clothing design, it isn't focused on fashion design principles. Your strength to create powerful imagery and convey mood and messages through your art will be key. Skills & Experience: - Proven experience in digital illustration, particularly for textile or clothing. - A portfolio demonstrating a good grasp of Japanese and Yakuza themed art. - ...

Convert your images into stunning illustrations.

I'm in need of a talented illustrator who can bring to life my mascot concept. The mascot is a standing orange cat, with one of its paws managing 4 marionette mice. It's important that the design is in a cartoon style. Key Responsibilities: - Illust...apps You should have: - Proficient skills in Adobe Illustrator - Proven experience in creating cartoon mascots - Ability to deliver high-quality, unique designs - Strong communication skills to understand my vision and bring it to life - A good understanding of scale and proportion as the design will be used for a variety of purposes including website, print materials, merchandise, and wide format art. The successful freelancer will be well-compensated and have the opportunity for more work in the future. Looking forward ...

I have a design concept for a jewelry stand that combines a hat stand with a necklace display. I need a skilled CAD designer to create a detailed drawing of this idea. Key Requirements: - Design should reflect a medium-sized hat stand with an integrated necklace display - The style I'm looking for is acrylic, something that embodies modern minimalism Ideal Applicant: - Proficient in CAD software - Experience in jewelry stand or product design - A good eye for modern, minimalist aesthetics

I am looking forward to hiring a skilled content writer for my website and blog, also showing proficiency in the art of poetry. The requirement is chiefly for articles pertaining to technology, as well as motivational, spiritual, and political themes. Ideal Skills and Experience: • Proven experience in writing high-quality web and blog content. • Strong understanding of all listed subjects. • Ability to curate engaging thought-provoking poetry. • Adaptable writing style to suit the needs of professionals and the general public alike. If you are a versatile writer with a broad perspective on varied themes and can engage a diverse audience, this project is for you. Please place your bid, stating your experience in the relevant fields.

I'm in need of a Realistic Art Illustration for a particular project. The illustration I'm looking for is a crucial component and must be top-notch in terms of quality, precision, and realism. Specifically, I need: - An artist who specializes in Realistic style to create the illustration. - A keen and creative eye to bring this artwork to life. Please share your portfolio showcasing your previous Realistic art illustrations. Your experience in producing similar artwork will be a key factor in my selection process.

I need a graphic designer adept in modern design principles to transform a hand-drawn image into a high-quality logo. Your task will be: - To base the desi...adept in modern design principles to transform a hand-drawn image into a high-quality logo. Your task will be: - To base the design of the logo on the hand-drawn image provided, keeping its original colors. - To design the drawing into a graphic mission patch logo Ideal candidates will have a portfolio showcasing their skills in creating mission patch design logos. Experience in following specific color guidelines is a plus. Accuracy and a keen eye for detail are very important for this role. Attached is the drawing of the full mission patch drawing, and a close-up drawing of the little sensor floating ...

I'm seeking a talented illustrator with a passion for prehistoric sea creatures or marine life. I have written a children's book on Dunkleosteus terrelli, an interesting prehistoric fish. Initially, I'm looking to commission cover art as a proof of concept, with the likleyhood of 9 additional illustrations following. Here's what I need from you: • Versatility in creating realistic illustrations, preferably with experience depicting fish or prehistoric animals. • An ability to work with a neutral, natural color palette that enthralls children aged 6 to 11 years old. • Flexibility and open communication for any necessary revisions. If this sounds like you, I'd be thrilled to hear from you. Let's create something both educationa...

I need a professional animator to create a 3D realistic advertisement animation. The animation will focus primarily on the healthcare sector. Ideal Skills: • Expertise in creating realistic 3D animations • Experience in animating healthcare-related content is a plus • Excellent command of animation software. Project details: • The project will involve the creation of animation for advertisement purposes • Specific elements to be included in the animation are objects related to healthcare • The final animation must be highly realistic, not cartoon-like or abstract. Your job is twofold: to deliver a visually stunning piece and to effectively communicate the intended advertising message. I look forward to reviewing your proposals and prev...

...This will involve showcasing the primary functions and features of a product in a clear and engaging manner. Key Requirements: - The animation should be simple and straightforward, focusing on the product's core functionality. - It should be created with educational purposes in mind, ensuring that viewers can easily understand the product's benefits. - A basic level of detail is sufficient - realistic textures and lighting are not needed. Ideal Skills and Experience: - NX CAD experience - Proficiency in 3D design and animation software. - Experience in creating product demonstration animations. - Understanding of educational content development. - Strong communication skills to translate complex ideas into simple, easy-to-understand animations. Please note that thi...

I'm in need of an experienced 3D animator with expertise in Blender. I require a 3D cartoon character to be created, and animated performing a walking action. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in Blender - 3D animation experience - Past work in character animation The character should be created in a cartoonish style. The animation should be smooth and engaging, providing a realistic walk cycle for the character. Please share any relevant experience or sample work in your bid.

I'm looking for an experienced photo editor with a keen eye for detail and an understanding of human anatomy in relation to realistic poses. This project involves editing the poses and arms of 2 to 3 people in a photo, specifically two women hugging a child. The perfect candidate should: - Have proficiency in photo editing software - Demonstrate exceptional skills in cropping and adjusting brightness/contrast - Be skilled in removing unwanted objects from photos - Have experience in editing people's arms and poses, to create a realistic depiction of a family embrace.

Looking for a proficient video editor with experience in creating engaging and informative technology content. Here's what's necessary: - Skill in creating realistic animated representations - Ability to craft compelling longer videos (more than 10 minutes) - Expertise in editing software Your background in editing educational content will be a major advantage for this role. The objective is to clearly and attractively present complex technology concepts, so prior experience in this area is highly beneficial. If you're adept at translating data into compelling visual storytelling, we'd love to see your bids.

I require a skilled artist to create a gorgeous piece of pen work on a large clear glass frame. The frame should be 16x20 inches in size which provides a good amount of space for your creativity. I want the drawing to be line-pen work. More details: I want a drawing of a young girl (whom I will provide a photo of) drawn in line work with a pen, a drawing of her face and hand holding a rose - it will be a real small rose which I will send into you ! Also, I have pieces of broken glass that I want incorporated onto the drawing in a beautiful way, maybe outlining the girl, maybe covering the rose, up to you... Please let me know if you are willing and able! Please include samples of similar work when applying. This project will require both artistic skill and te...

I need an experienced optical engineer to help design an imaging system primarily intended for lithography. The tasks that I expect the freelancer to perform include: I am building a proj... the focus must be adjustable. The input image will vary from about 5mm to 1mm, and the output image will be from 1.5mm to 0.25mm. The light source will be LED, outputting 50 watts of mid-UV light. The output of this gig shall be a drawing/sketch of the relative positions of each optical element in relation to the light source [UV light], the source image/film, and the target. For each optical element, there shall be a full description/specification, and if possible, at least one source to buy the element. I do not need any mechanical design, only a drawing showing the relative positio...

I need a talented artist or illustrator to create a beautiful, nature-inspired, and slightly luxurious double-sided welcome card for our glamping site. The card should be informative and aesthetically pleasing. On one side of the card, a map of our campsite...Reception area On the second side of the card, useful information including: - Festival shuttle pick up / drop off point details - The Beaute Shed treatment options and prices - Introduction to our team - Details for breakfast and evening meals - Security information - Live entertainment schedule - Wellness area / Spa opening times Ideal candidate should have experience in both design and illustration with an eye for creating a balance between aesthetics and information presentation. Prior experience in map illustrating is ...

As an entrepreneur ready to take my business online, I'm in need of a proficient web designer to help me create a state-of-the-art e-commerce website. Key requirements for the website are: - Focus on Physical Products: The website is intended to sell physical goods, thus a user-friendly interface for showcasing these products is paramount. - Inventory Management: The site should feature an automatic inventory management system to streamline operations and ensure up-to-date stock levels. - Payment Method: I’ve chosen Stripe as my preferred payment method. Therefore, seamless integration of Stripe as a secure mode of payment on the website is crucial. The ideal freelancer for this project should have a wealth of experience in e-commerce website design, proficiency in ...

I'm searching for an experienced animator to create a unique, realistic short video animation targeted towards pet owners. The premise of the video primarily revolves around product presentation, demonstrating a specific product that will be communicated once collaboration begins. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Strong portfolio of completed animations, particularly in a realistic style. - Previous experience creating content targeted towards pet owners. - Proven track record in product presentation or promotional animations. - Ability to effectively incorporate a specific product or brand seamlessly into the animated content. This project requires both creativity and technical proficiency in conveying the product's benefits and usage appealingly and convincing...

I'm urgently in need of an illustrator who can create ...an illustrator who can create eight Disney-inspired cartoon images. Here's exactly what I'm looking for: - Mastery in Disney-inspired artwork - General knowledge of Disney's style and character designs - Ability to recreate Disney-like characters with specific details that I will provide - Quick turnaround time due to the urgent nature of the project Ideal skills: - Expert level in cartoon drawing - Proficiency in Adobe Illustrator or similar platforms - Strong communication to understand the specific details I require - Experience in creating Disney-like characters would be a plus This project offers a fantastic opportunity for an illustrator who thrives in the realm of Disney magic. Can't wait ...

I'm in need of a skilled Unity Developer who can create an engaging hypercasual infinite runner game. The game should be designed for both iOS and Android platforms. Key requirements for this project include: - Developing a Cartoonish 3D art style for the game. - Implementing power-ups as a key mechanic. - Implement an infinite runner game, where you control a tank/car and have to avoid incoming obstacles and enemies. - Player should die upon hitting the obstacle - There should be a results screen with earned in-game currency. The ideal freelancer should have: - Proven experience in developing hypercasual games. - Strong grasp of Unity development. - Experience with Unity Gaming Services. - A portfolio that showcases previous mobile game projects. Please include samples of ...

I am in need of an experienced electronics technician with a thorough unders... Specifically, I require a professional who can: • Revamp the current configuration for improved compatibility. • Extract maximum functionality from existing resources. Key skills and experience: • Expertise in equipment modification. • Proficient in mechatronics (electronics, electrical and mechanical). Skills that are a plus: • Software programming. • Reverse engineering. • Pneumatics. • Drawing using CAD. We encourage under-grad students from UH, Rice, etc., to apply as an Intern. Requirements: • Must work at East End (near Second Ward) area in Houston. The project timeline is immediate with the expectancy for high-quality results. Promptness and effic...