Python 3d sound library jobs

I'm seeking a skilled 3D modeler to create detailed characters, buildings, and products for use in video games, animations and visual presentations. - The models need to be of high quality and realistic, making them suitable for a wide range of uses. - You must be able to create models that are optimized for game engines and animation software, ensuring they are both visually appealing and functional. - Experience with creating characters with a variety of expressions and poses, as well as a good understanding of architectural design and product modeling is highly desired. Your profile should demonstrate a solid portfolio of 3D models, showcasing a high level of detail. Proficiency with industry-standard software is a must. Experience in designing for video games, an...

I require a specialized 3D character modeler for my animation. The model is expected to be low-poly, maintaining a balance between performance and detail. The model will be the central asset for this animation project. Ideal skills include: * Proficiency in 3D modeling, particularly low-poly character models. * Previous work in animations is preferred. * Expert in modeling non-human 3D characters. Remember, quality performance is a must despite the low-polygon model. Looking forward to seeing your previous work.

I'm currently in need of an AI Engineer, specifically experienced with Python, to resolve some issues related to our RAG architecture and vector similarity search. Here's a general overview of the project: - Troubleshoot and resolve issues in the RAG architecture - Enhance the efficiency of the existing vector similarity search - Implement suitable solutions for seamless integration with other systems Ideal candidates should have: - Strong background in AI and experience with Python - Prior experience with RAG architecture and vector similarity search - Excellent problem-solving and troubleshooting skills - Good communication and ability to work in a team Your contribution will be crucial to the overall performance and functionality of our system. I look forward t...

I'm in need of a skilled Python developer to assist in creating a client-server application. This application will be responsible for handling data transfer and supporting information about bus and train routes. Key Requirements: - Expertise in Python and Socket Programming - Experience in creating client-server applications - Ability to work with and manipulate data Your responsibilities will mainly revolve around setting up a robust client-server architecture to support bus and train route data. I already possess the data, so the primary task will be focused on the actual programming and integration of the application. Experience in working with transport data or similar datasets would be advantageous. I'm looking for a professional who can deliver a high-qual...

I need someone skillful in creating graphics for the side of my Little Free Library (a converted newspaper vending box). Requirements: - Two diverse designs are needed, both approximately 15” x 35”. Need 300ppi for printing. - First design should have Ariel reading a book (preferably mermaid Ariel drawn in original movie style, extra points to include Sebastian, flounder, and scuttle - Second design should have Spiderman reading a book (modern are Spiderman in his classic red and blues) An artist with previous experience in working with these two specific styles or in creating vinyl graphics for similar structures would be ideal. Your portfolio showcasing the mentioned styles would strongly support your bid. Please bid one or both of the designs as your personal sty...

I'm in need of an experienced video editor for a project that involves creating entertainment content. Key Requirements: - Advanced video editing skills: You must be capable of working with long-form content, maintaining viewer engagement throughout. - Sound editing: The ability to enhance audio quality and mix sound effectively. - Advanced color grading: Your capacity to bring out the mood of the content through color is crucial. - Special effects: While not the primary focus, the ability to incorporate special effects where necessary is a plus. This project will require a creative touch to keep viewers engaged throughout the video. The final product is expected to be more than 5 minutes, so experience in long-form video editing is highly preferred. Please share exa...

As discussed, this includes the following - 1. Automated trading functionality in excel using the TWS API 2. Customization of entry and any other rules post discussion 3. Python codes 4. Deployment support and 2-weeks support for smooth operation

I need assistance with scraping data from a website and delivering it in an Excel file. The specifics of the project are as follows: I am looking for a person who will conduct scraping sessions for our business on a regular basis. Desired skills are knowledge of screen-scraper software, sql, Someone with Python knowledge will be better. Willing to follow instructions. Not cramped up with other jobs or other side hustles. Need to have solid internet connection. Expected work takes 5-10 hours per week, once fully trained. Must be responsible. - The source of the data is a website. This means the freelancer needs to have experience in web scraping. - The data should be delivered in an Excel file. Proficiency in handling and formatting data into Excel is a must. Ideal Skills an...

I'm in need of a 3D motion title teaser for an entertainment project. This teaser should be set in a realistic forest environment and convey a mysterious and dark atmosphere. Key Points: - Entertainment Purpose: The main goal of this project is to create a teaser that captivates and engages the audience, setting an intriguing tone for the content to come. - Realistic Style: The forest setup should be modeled in a realistic style to enhance the immersion and believability of the teaser. - Mysterious and Dark Atmosphere: The teaser should convey an overall eerie and enigmatic mood, setting a mysterious tone that hints at the entertainment content without revealing too much. Ideal Skills and Experience: - 3D Motion Graphics: Proficiency in creating engaging and captivati...

I'm looking for a Python expert who can automate the process of creating and managing multiple Android emulator instances on Windows. The automation should also include installing an app on these emulators and executing specific actions within the app without any manual intervention. Key requirements: - A program in Python that can create and handle multiple Android emulator instances - Installation of an app on these emulators - Full automation, including the execution of specific actions in the installed app without manual intervention - Compatibility with Windows operating system Please note that the app to be installed will be provided via file upload from the computer. Ideal skills for this project: - Proficiency in Python programming - Experience in wo...

I am looking for a seasoned developer who has experience with mental health applications, particularly ones that provide self-help resources. The app will be designed for both iOS and Android platforms and will include a range of features that support mental wellness. Key Features: - Mindfulness exercises: The app should offer a library of mindfulness exercises and techniques to help users manage stress and anxiety. - Mood tracking: Users should be able to log their emotions and moods, enabling them to track patterns and identify triggers. - Guided meditation: The application should provide guided meditation sessions to promote relaxation and mental clarity. - Support group: An essential feature will be a support group forum where users can share experiences, provide advice, and in...

A business-centric, data-oriented, and analytical mindset. Comprehensive knowledge of data science concepts and disciplines. Knowledge of enterprise information management processes and methodologies. Skills in database design, data security, and data lifecycle management (i.e., gathering, cleansing, publishing, archiving, back-up and recovery, and purging) for large enterpris...data warehousing and governance. Practical experience in enabling data usability, availability, and efficiency. Experience in data management, quality, metadata management, and modeling. Knowledge of database systems: MS SQL Server, Oracle, or another commercial RDBMS required, Snowflake, or other non-relational database desired. Knowledge of SQL. Experience with scripting languages, especially Python, and P...

I'm in need of a skilled animator specializing in 3D animation for a storytelling project. This animation should be imbued with a serious tone, intended to convey a compelling narrative of depth and gravity. Key requirements: - Extensive experience with 3D animation - Proficiency in storytelling through animation - Ability to translate and express serious tones effectively through 3D animation The ideal freelancer for this project would not only have technical experience with 3D animation but also a creative knack for storytelling and conveying mood in a serious tone.

Help me with existing project to optimize the performance of core functionality and add some basic new functionalities. If you're genuine bidder then please write "php&python" in starting of your bid. This is kind of urgent and need to do it in around 1-2 weeks.

I am seeking a freelancer to contribute to a project I am designing for medical image classification, leveraging a Convolutional Neural...responsibilities will include: - Developing and implementing CNN architecture - Deploying deep learning models for image classification tasks - Ensuring robust medical image classification with accurate results As this project requires specialized skills, the ideal freelancer will have the following experience: - Proficient knowledge in leading AI and machine learning programming languages, especially Python - Experience with CNNs and a solid understanding of deep learning methodologies - Demonstrable expertise in the classification of medical images If you have extensive experience in these areas and a proven record of similar work, I welcome...

i need to get the services of a developer who understands PHP & Java to correct and update some open source software. I have access to raw code and git hub library. Programs work, but needs some adjustments to get them to operate properly. There is not a lot of parts of the the different software that needs correcting and so i would not expect it to take too long, as most of the features work fine, but there are some features that are not working in correct manner. I want to start off with one application fix. Then if work fine, we can work together to add extra features.

I require a proficient 3D home designer specializing in SketchUp for my ongoing projects. The Scope: - The job focuses on the creation of detailed 3D designs for interior spaces and landscape. - The designs should adhere to a modern aesthetic. Ideal Candidate Qualifications: - Proficiency in SketchUp - Strong grasp of modern home design with experience in both interior spaces and landscape design.

I'm in need of a proficient Archicad user who can accurately build a 3D model of existing building;s exterior based on provided plans, sections, photos and inventory. Key points to note: - Speed is of essence, as there is a defined deadline for this task. - The 3D model needs to be as per the provided plans in terms of dimensions. I am looking for high degree of accuracy. - Detailing of the model is as per the existing structure. Equal importance should be given to all elements - no specific emphasis required. The ideal candidate for this job would have: - A strong background in Archicad - Proven experience with architectural 3D modeling - Exceptional attention to detail - Ability to work under tight deadlines

I'm looking for an experienced Senior VLSI Backend Engineer to join our team. You’ll need to have extensive experience with RTL Design and Coding, and a strong handle on Logic Synthesis and Optimization, as well as Physical Design and Floorplanning. Key Requirements: - At least 5 years of experience as a VLSI Backend Engineer - Strong knowledge in scripting using TCL and Python - Hands-on experience with full RTL to GDS-II flow for complex designs - In-depth knowledge of Synthesis, P&R, and STA flows - B.Sc. / M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering from a leading institute Your role will involve collaborating extensively with our team, so strong collaboration skills are a must. Your role will be crucial in our overall product development and we need someone who can contri...

I need an experienced Python developer to assist with a project. The specific tasks will be discussed directly with the successful bidder. I am looking for someone who is well-versed in Python and has a strong foundation in programming. Expectations: - Ability to work independently and problem-solve - Can communicate effectively and provide updates - Previous experience with Python is a must - Familiarity with data analysis, web scraping, or automation is a plus.

I'm in need of a Python application that can connect around 200 Android and iPhone devices to a PC via USB cables, allowing me to perform various automated tasks and workflows on them. Key Requirements: - **Bulk Control**: The app should be able to interact with all connected phones simultaneously. I should be able to create and assign tasks to each phone individually, or define tasks that apply to all devices. - **Task Automation**: I need the app to automate several types of tasks, which include: - Web browsing or searches: The app should be able to instruct the phones to browse certain websites or perform specific searches. - App testing or usage: The app should be capable of launching and interacting with various applications on the phones. - Content downloading or u...

I'm in need of a 3D designer who can bring my vision for a new makeup tool to life. The tool will focus on winged eyelining. I would be keen to have a design that is both practical and appealing to the eye. Key Responsibilities: - Iteratively crafting the initial design to production design of the product with functionality in mind. - Incorporating manufacturing feasibility as a key feature throughout the design process. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency to translate concepts into practical designs. - Strong grasp of materials and methods to enhance product durability. - Ability to work with both functionality and aesthetics as guiding principles. - Experience in 3D modeling and design software (e.g., SolidWorks, AutoCAD). - Proven experience in 3D pro...

...concepts. Key Points: - The video should be 2D or Cel animation - It needs to be 3 minutes in length, so the animator will need to maintain viewer interest throughout the duration through animated visuals and sounds. - The content is quite conceptual, so the animator should have experience in making complex ideas accessible and engaging - Custom muslim characters is ideal - Dynamic transitions, sound effects, and character story building is important. - Target audience is adults so engaging video is a priority but not childish. Ideal Freelancer: - Skilled animator with a strong portfolio of 2D or Cel animation work - Proven track record in creating engaging explanatory content - Ability to simplify complex ideas into easily digestible visuals - Strong communication skills fo...

I'm seeking an AI/ML specialist with a strong background in full-stack development to work on an exciting project. Key Requirements: - Proficiency in AI/ML methodologies and algorithms. - Hands-on experience in full-stack development. - Ability to seamlessly integrate AI/ML with the front-end and back-end of w...Developing and implementing AI/ML models for specific tasks. - Ensuring the AI/ML components work effectively with the existing tech stack. - Enhancing the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the application through AI/ML capabilities. Please provide examples of relevant projects you've worked on in the past, especially those where you've combined AI/ML and full-stack technologies. Experience with Python, Java, and JavaScript will be a plus. Looking for...

I need a skilled professional who can perform both static and vibration analysis on a 3D metallic structure using Abaqus. The ideal freelancer for this job should have the following skills and experience: - Proficient in Abaqus simulation software - Strong background in structural mechanics - Experience with both static and vibration analysis - Prior experience with analyzing metallic materials The task involves: - Setting up the model in Abaqus - Performing static analysis to evaluate the structural integrity and stress distribution - Conducting vibration analysis to assess natural frequencies and mode shapes - Delivering a detailed report with findings and recommendations for optimization. Your expertise will be crucial in ensuring the structural soundness and performance effic...

I'm seeking a skilled Python programmer with OpenCV experience, preferably one who has dealt with table detection from PDF and images before. The primary skills desired include: - Python programming - Knowledge of OpenCV - Familiarity with table and structure detection Your main task will be to develop a program that can accurately identify table structures within input files. The files will be PDFs or images, or both. You're expected to program a feature that detects these components: - Cell boundaries - Text within the cells - Overall table structure For the sake of this project, merged cells should be discerned as a single entity during the detection process. Your solution should demonstrate precision in merged cell detection. I look forward to bids from thos...

I need a versatile programmer who can work with Python, C or any other programming language to develop a system for identifying Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks with the help of machine learning algorithms. Skills and Experience: - Extensive experience in Python, C, or similar programming languages - Knowledge of Machine Learning algorithms - Experience in network security would be beneficial - Proven track record in detecting cyber threats in a small network environment. Your success will be judged by your ability to create a reliable, data-driven system capable of efficiently detecting DDoS attacks in a small-scale network.

I am planning to use 1.69" LCD Display Module (240x280) with raspberry pi 5 to draw animated eye … I am looking for a developer to help me in 1- setting up the screen to work with raspberry pi 5 like this :RPI_for_1.69_lcd_module 2- setting python on my raspberry 3 - write a python code to draw animate eye like this I will give remote access to my raspberry pi 5 and the developer should install everything live to my items.

I have a series of brief game videos that I'd like to merge into a single ...Keywords: Relaxing, Interesting, Puzzle, Patterns, Tough 5. Ping me for more details. Key Requirements: - Combine multiple, short videos into one cohesive and engaging piece. - Fast-paced and energetic editing style to captivate the viewer. - Include animations and transitions to keep the video visually engaging. - Add text overlays and captions to highlight key features or events. - Incorporate sound effects and music to build excitement and enhance the visual impact. This project is ideal for a video editor or motion graphics artist with experience in creating dynamic advertisements or game-related content. The ability to work efficiently and creatively within a fast-paced style will be crucial fo...

...skilled animator to create a 3D promotional animation for my locker product. The target audience for this video is adults, so the animation should be informative and visually appealing to a mature audience. Key requirements and responsibilities include: - Creating a 3D animation styled video - Crafting the video with a primary focus on promoting the benefits and features of the locker product - Ensuring the video is engaging and attractive to adults Ideal skills and experience for this project: - Proficiency in 3D animation - Prior experience in creating promotional content - Understanding of adult audience preferences and visual aesthetics - Ability to deliver high-quality work within a specified timeframe If you have a portfolio that showcases your previous ...

I'm in need of a skilled audio engineer who can help me with sound editing, mixing, and mastering for my car show. The estimated duration of this project is less than 1 hour. Key Responsibilities: - Sound Editing: You will be required to edit the recorded audio to ensure it aligns with the feel and message of the car show. - Mixing and Mastering: Your role will also involve mixing different audio elements and mastering the final product to ensure it's of professional quality. Ideal Candidate: - Extensive experience in sound editing, mixing, and mastering. - Familiarity with the car show genre or a willingness to learn about it. - Ability to complete the project in a timely manner. Looking forward to working with a competent professional who can elevate the...

I'm looking for a Python developer to assist with a variety of tasks on a medium-scale project. This would include web development, data analysis, automation scripting, and web scraping. Your responsibilities would cover: - Web Development: Creating and maintaining web applications using Python frameworks. - Data Analysis: Handling and analyzing data to derive insights. - Automation Scripting: Developing scripts to automate manual tasks. - Web Scraping: Extracting and structuring data from websites. Communication is key, and I'd prefer to receive regular updates and progress reports via email. The ideal candidate for this position will have experience with each of these tasks and be able to work on a medium-sized project.

I need a Python Selenium application that can scrape blog posts from Site A and post them on Site B. Key Requirements: - The Python app should be built using Selenium for web scraping and automation. - It should be able to extract blog posts from Site A, specifically. - The extracted data must be posted on an existing blog section of Site B. Ideal Skills & Experience: - Proficient in Python, with experience in building web scrapers. - Strong knowledge of Selenium for web automation. - Previous experience with data extraction and manipulation. - Understanding of web protocols and site structures. - Familiarity with blog post formatting and publishing is a plus.

I'm seeking a seasoned sound editor, specialized in podcast editing to take my podcast audio to the next level. Here's a rundown of what I need: - Podcast Editing: With each episode running over 20 minutes, the project requires careful editing without losing essential content. You'll need to have a keen ear for detail, storytelling, and pacing, maintaining a flow that keeps listeners engaged. - Sound Quality Improvement: Making the production audible for streaming is paramount, where the expert skill in mixing, mastering, and sound enhancement comes into play. Experience in creating crisp, clean, balanced audio that sounds great on any device is a must. - Experience: Ideally, you should have significant experience in podcast editing and sound qua...

More details: What is the main purpose of the device you want to develop? Separating and canceling music background How do you intend to use the device? Either hardware like headphones or an app whatever works. Do you have a preferred platform for the device? Anything will work I’m

I'm looking for a talented video producer who is skilled in 3D animation and can help me create a video that generates awareness for an upcoming exhibition. - Objective: I need to bring the exhibition to the attention of the general public, which is why I'm leaning towards an animated 3D video. The aim is to captivate and inform the viewers in a visually appealing way. - Target Audience: Given that the goal is to generate awareness for the exhibition, the video should be tailored to appeal to a broad audience, not just art enthusiasts or potential exhibitors. Ideal skills and experience for this project: - Proficient in 3D animation - Experience in creating promotional videos - Ability to engage a general audience - Good at storytelling and visual communic...

I'm looking for a Python expert to help me create a new Python script for data analysis purposes. The primary goal of the script will be to analyze a dataset that I already possess. The script should be able to handle large amounts of data efficiently, allowing for insightful analysis and visualization. The key requirements include: - Writing new code from scratch - Prior experience in data analysis using Python - Proficiency in Python libraries such as Pandas, NumPy, and Matplotlib If you have a solid background in data analysis and Python, and are able to create efficient, clean, and well-documented code, I'd like to hear from you. Here are details- I have to create a simulation that will find the optimal solution to go around a circu...

...meetings). ESSENTIAL - DO NOT IGNORE THIS! Your skills • Experienced with Excel and Excel VBA coding to professional standards • Good conversational Technical English • Touch typing (we do live meeting notes) • Python OO coding experience would be good Your Technical Knowledge and experience • VBA sufficient so that you can develop (or source and enhance) • Create a professional app/plugin • Create coding standards including trialling GITHUB integration • Laying out elegant formatting of the sheet • JSON data access library (including CRUD, parse/stream, search etc etc) • “Areas” library to create formated spaces within Excel Sheets (formating, inserting buttons, Create/Delete/InsertRows, elegant loc...

I'm looking for a talented designer to help me with a 3D redesign of the drinks area in a supermarket. Key Points: - Your primary task will be to rearrange the shelving layout in a 3D model. - I'm looking for a layout that enhances customer flow and maximizes product exposure. - There's no specific product category to prioritize at this stage, but your layout should be flexible enough to accommodate different products. I'll provide you with the current layout, and any other needed details. Ideal skills and experience for this project: - 3D modeling and design experience. - Retail or supermarket layout design experience would be a big plus. - A good understanding of customer behavior in a retail environment. Your design should be practical, v...

I'm looking for a talented individual who can create a set of phonics cards for preschool children (ages 3-5) These cards are aimed at helping young children to develop their phonetic skills in...designing educational materials for children - Creativity and ability to develop engaging animal-themed designs - Ability to create both digital (PDF, apps) and physical (printed) versions of the cards - Familiarity with appropriate language and concepts for the preschool age group Your primary task will be to design and develop the set of phonics cards, ensuring that they are both educationally sound and engaging for young children. It's essential that you have a good grasp of phonics and early childhood development, as well as the ability to create both digital and physical ed...

...takes a picture and clicks the save button, the image is sent to the backend server via an HTTP POST request. The backend server can use a framework Spring Boot (for Java) to process the uploaded images. Image Processing and Data Extraction On the server, you can use OCR (Optical Character Recognition) technology to recognize and extract data from images. Libraries like Tesseract OCR (available for Python, JavaScript, and other languages) can be useful for this task. Data Storage The extracted data can then be stored in a MYSQL database. Data Synchronization with the Computer The data can be immediately available on a computer via the web application or a specialized desktop application. Real-time synchronization can be achieved using technologies like WebSockets. Security and Au...

As a user, my primary aim is to sharpen my professional skills and widen my network, and I envision this project as a comprehensive platform for both. On the learning platform side, I'm looking for: - A range of online courses, covering a variety of topics and skill levels. - A library of tutorials and guides, possibly with a strong focus on career advancement and personal development. - A collection of diverse educational resources that can aid in both personal and professional growth. On the networking platform side, I'm keen on: - A feature-rich profile creation system allowing for detailed customization and personalization. - A robust messaging platform enabling seamless communication with other users. - An event listing system that can help foster networking opportu...

I'm looking for a skilled video editor who can take the raw footage and transform it into engaging high-quality content. Key Requirements: - Creative Editing: I need someone who can weave together the footage in a way that captures attention and tells a story. - Attention to Detail: The final product needs to be polished, with attention to color grading, transitions, and sound quality. - Efficient Delivery: I'm working with a tight deadline, so timely delivery is a must. If you're a creative video editor with a passion for storytelling and a knack for creating engaging content, I'd love to hear from you.

I'm in need of a talented 3D artist to take my clothing designs and bring them to life as realistic 3D models. These renderings will be used for my e-commerce website as product images. The ideal freelancer for this job should have: - Experience in 3D modeling, specifically with clothing items - Ability to create realistic, high-quality renderings - Understanding of e-commerce product image requirements - Strong attention to detail and ability to work efficiently I look forward to seeing your portfolio and discussing further details.

I'm looking for a creative 3D animator who can work on cartoon videos for my YouTube channel. I'm open to working with fresher as well who wants to grow their experience. Key requirements: - The videos should be in 3D animation - The primary theme of the videos will be entertainment stories - The average duration for the videos will be more than 3 minutes Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in 3D animation software - Prior experience in creating engaging entertainment content - Ability to work on the video editing - Understanding of YouTube trends and best practices Looking forward to receiving bids from talented animators who can bring my ideas to life.

As a user, my primary aim is to sharpen my professional skills and widen my network, and I envision this project as a comprehensive platform for both. On the learning platform side, I'm looking for: - A range of online courses, covering a variety of topics and skill levels. - A library of tutorials and guides, possibly with a strong focus on career advancement and personal development. - A collection of diverse educational resources that can aid in both personal and professional growth. On the networking platform side, I'm keen on: - A feature-rich profile creation system allowing for detailed customization and personalization. - A robust messaging platform enabling seamless communication with other users. - An event listing system that can help foster networking opportu...

I'm seeking an expert in Solidworks design to create instrument GA drawings for water quality analysers. Proficiency in mechanical instruments and knowledge of water quality analysers is indispensable for this task. Key responsibilities will include: - Designing comprehensive water quality analyser models using Solidworks in 3D & 2D GA. - Incorporating specifics of mechanical instruments in analyser designs. - Adapting designs based on functional aspects of analysers. Ideal applicants should be seasoned Solidworks designers with hands-on experience in mechanical instruments. Understanding of water quality analysers would make a perfect fit. If you are meticulous and adept at interpreting technical standards, I'd be glad to work with you.

I will create 14 football models

I'm looking for a skilled professional who can help clean up some Polycam 3D scans for 3D printing. The main tasks include: - Removing noise and artifacts: The scans have some imperfections that need to be cleaned up. - Smoothing the surface: The model needs to have a smooth finish for 3D printing. - Closing holes in the model: I need any gaps or holes in the model to be fixed. I am able to download the scans in multiple file formats, so please let me know which one works best for you. Additionally, I intend to sell these prints, so you will need to sign a Non-Disclosure Agreement. Ideal skills and experience for this job include: - Proficiency in 3D modeling and 3D printing - Experience with cleaning up 3D scans - Attention to detail - Kno...

I'm currently seeking a skilled 3D artist to assist with a 3D modeling project. I have a model of a baseball hat that currently lacks a sandwich trim on the front of the visor. I need someone to modify the existing model to include the sandwich trim, matching the design of the real hat. The final model should be ready for rendering using Corona. Please check the attached images for references.