Red5 flash media interactive server jobs

Need a photographer for 1-2 (or more depends on your hourly rate) hours to take professional photographs in Sydney. No video required. Looking for corporate photographs , images for my business website, social media etc. Date: 16th Jun (Sun) or 17th Jun (Mon) I just need digital copies, do not need print outs. Let me the know the following: 1) Your hourly rate? 2) How many photos would be included in 1 hour?

We are currently seeking a digital marketing professional with expertise in search engine optimization and social media marketing. Key responsibilities include: * Developing and executing impactful strategies aimed at attracting new clients, expanding our market share, and increasing sales through social media advertising on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and Google. * Creating a tailored content calendar for each platform and target audience. * Consistently generating and posting engaging content. * Monitoring and analyzing social media analytics to refine strategies as needed. Additionally, the role involves implementing monthly SEO campaigns over a four-month period to enhance website traffic, optimize digital channels, and increase reven...

We are in search of a digital marketing professional who excels in search engine optimization and social media marketing. Key responsibilities include: - Crafting and executing impactful strategies to attract new clients, thereby increasing our market share, boosting sales/leads, and expanding our followers list through social media advertisements on facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and Google. Candidate should have specialized experience in creating strategies that drive lead generation. - Develop a content calendar tailored to the different platforms and target audiences - Regularly create and post engaging content - Monitor and report on social media analytics to adjust the strategy as needed - Implementing monthly SEO campaigns over a four-month period t...

...change. The main goal is to update my business name on Google Business Profile, Website, and Social Media. Key Responsibilities: - Implementing a rebranding strategy to update my business name across all digital platforms - Ensuring the migration of the new business name across more than 10 pages on the website - Managing the process of updating the business name on Google Business Profile and Social Media accounts Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in rebranding and updating business names across various digital platforms - Expertise in website management and migration, especially on sites with over 10 pages - Strong knowledge of Google Business Profile updates and Social Media account management If you have a solid track record in rebranding and d...

...without any extra fee **** Currently using Magento 2.4.7p 1.  Upgrade to latest Porto theme  2.  Install FREE version of G|Translate  3.   Install Curcy Currency Converter - activate in header, product page, checkout, etc. :: I purchased this plugin 4.   Registration should show a confirmation message whether it is with social media or with registration form.   5.  All transactional emails SHOULD GO INTO INBOX and not spam folder  6.  All links in transactional email should work - View on Browser, Unsubscribe, Reset Password, etc.    ::  Email templates not working    ::  Rabbitmq is installed and configured.  7.  A Click on Unsubscribe in the transactional email foo...

We are looking for a talented copywriter to create catchy and engaging slogans for our social media advertising campaigns. As a copywriter, you will be responsible for developing creative and compelling content that captures our brand's voice and resonates with our target audience. Your slogans will be used across various social media platforms to promote our products and services. Responsibilities: - Brainstorm and develop unique slogans for social media advertising - Collaborate with the marketing team to understand brand guidelines and target audience - Conduct market research to identify trends and competitor strategies - Ensure slogans are concise, persuasive, and aligned with brand messaging - Revise and refine slogans based on feedback from st...

...need of a skilled affiliate marketer who can help me promote my physical products to parents. The campaign will focus on leveraging social media platforms alongside blogs and websites. Key Requirements: - Demonstrable experience with effective affiliate marketing and promotion of physical products. - Proven success in targeting and engaging with parents as a specific audience. The freelancer should be able to: - Create and implement a comprehensive affiliate marketing strategy primarily focusing on social media platforms and blogs/websites. - Analyze and optimize the campaign to reach and convert parents. Ideal Skills: - Affiliate Marketing - Social Media Marketing - Content Creation and Marketing - SEO - Understanding of the Parent demographic and market Please...

I'm seeking a dynamic and experienced Social Media Marketing company with a strong ability to generate leads and sales through targeted campaigns on Facebook and Instagram. An ideal candidate would be competent in: - Crafting engaging video content that drives customer interaction and lead generation - Leveraging Facebook and Instagram platforms to maximize visibility - Implementing strategies that generate leads or sales Previous experience in similar projects is desired. A solid understanding of my targeted customer base and the ability to attract and engage them with effective video content is crucial. We need content to be amusing entertaining and engage with the audience as well as drive sales. We are looking for someone who has a vast amount of experience in growing e-c...

...you: 1. Virtual Numbers 2. SIP Trunk server I am in need of an expert who can develop a SIP Trunk server with the capability of enabling live voice stream access. Key Requirements: - SIP Trunk Server: The primary purpose of this project is the development of a SIP Trunk server. It is essential that the chosen freelancer has experience in developing such systems. - Live Voice Stream Access: The server must offer functionality to enable live voice stream access. This feature must be robust, reliable, and seamlessly integrated into the server. - Access Control: I need the live voice streams to be secured with user-based permissions. This ensures that only authorized users can access the streams. Integration: - The primary platform that the SIP T...

Hi ? I'm seeking a website designer who is experienced using the Vev page builder to create engaging animated web pages using some horizontal scrolling along with other animations and interactive features within Vev. I'm building an exciting new social networking concept on WordPress at but I want to redesign my Home and About pages to be as engaging and interactive as possible, using scrolly-telling to explain the various features and benefits of the platform. Please reply with the best rate you can to redesign my homepage and about page in Vev to compellingly tell the story about my platform and its features, benefits, mission and purpose. I don't really have any reference design to show, so you will be using your own creativity for every element. To veri...

Note before bids : my budget for whole this project is 10$ Development / Design social media website for mobile Functionalites that required : 1:Landing page that explain the concept 2: registration signing Signup 3: uploading profile picture 4: add friends and see friends of friends that joined 5: send invition link 6: write anonymously suggestions 7: points system: that lose or get points for used it.

...like the diamonds on the current logo Ideal Skills/Experience: - Expertise in timeless design elements - Proficient in working with earthy color schemes - Excellent track record in logo redesign projects Considerations: - Keep style traditional and timeless - Employ an earthy color scheme - A modern and neat representation delivering same brand message - Usability across various media i.e. online, print, merchandise etc. is important. Your portfolio showcasing similar projects will highly influence our decision....

I'm in need of a graphic designer who can create a modern and minimalist logo for my business. The ideal candidate should be well versed in creating logos with a clean and contemporary aesthetic. The logo design shoul...and minimalist logo for my business. The ideal candidate should be well versed in creating logos with a clean and contemporary aesthetic. The logo design should be professional, sleek, and easily recognizable. Deliverables should include: - The logo in vector files for scalability - A comprehensive logo guidelines document detailing appropriate usage, spacing, color codes, etc. - A social media kit for ease of use across various platforms. Please include samples of your past logo designs in your proposal. Any design will need to go onto a website, inte...

I need a number of Powerbi expert that can create several interactive dashboards focused on data visualization for my management team. Key Requirements: - The dashboards should be designed with data visualization as the primary goal. - They should be clear and intuitive for non-technical management staff to understand. - The data should be updated in real-time or near real-time to ensure that the information the management team is seeing is always current. Ideal Skills & Experience: - Experience in creating data visualization dashboards. - Strong understanding of user experience and user interface design. - Proficiency in developing web applications. - Knowledge of best practices in data visualization. - Ability to work with real-time data feeds.

I am in need of 2 logos for my company. One will be the primary logo and the other a secondary logo. The primary logo will be used across all my online platforms such as website and social media. Requirements: 1. Fun & Quirky Style: I am looking for a designer who can create 2 logos in a fun and quirky style. The logos should reflect a sense of playfulness and vibrancy that resonates with my target audience. 2. Online-Friendly: The primary logo should be optimized for online use. It should be easily recognizable and visually appealing even in smaller sizes. Ideal Freelancer: - Proven experience in creating fun and quirky logos. - Skilled in designing for online platforms. - Strong portfolio showcasing relevant work. - Able to deliver high-quality, unique designs that capture ...

Note before bids : my budget for whole this project is 10$ Development / Design social media website for mobile Functionalites that required : 1:Landing page that explain the concept 2: registration signing Signup 3: uploading profile picture 4: add friends and see friends of friends that joined 5: send invition link 6: write anonymously suggestions 7: points system: that lose or get points for used it.

I'm in need of a professional who is skilled in both graphics and Power BI. Let's collaborate to convert raw data into clear, visual and interactive dashboards. Here are the specific needs for this project: Power BI Tasks - Effectively perform Data modeling, Data visualization and dashboard creation using Power BI - Work with various data sources that include Excel Spreadsheets, SQL databases, Online APIs, and Azure Graphics Tasks: -Even though I didn't specify any graphical needs, any creative approach or design skills you can bring to the project to enhance the visual aspect of the data would be appreciated. Ideal Candidate - Proficient in Power BI - Experienced in working with multiple data sources - Has a knack for graphic design - Detail-oriented and data-dri...

I'm looking for a talented sales promoter to represent my services. The ideal candidate should have experience in direct sales, particularly in in-person events. The target for this project is to directly sell and attract customers towards my services. Key Responsibilities: - Promote my services via in-person events, networking, social media - Engage with the target customers in in-person events Ideal Skills: - Proven experience in direct sales - Strong Communication Skills - Ability to engage an audience in an in-person setting - Experience in services promotion preferred - Knowledge of radio promotion methods a plus

Seeking an experienced Linux administrator to configure a server with Ubuntu OS to host websites. The ideal candidate should have extensive knowledge in Ubuntu and Linux and experience in setting up web servers. Key Tasks: - Install and configure Ubuntu on the server - Install and configure Linux service - Ensure the server is secure, stable, and optimized for hosting websites Note: A control panel will not be provided. Must have: - Expertise in Ubuntu and Linux - Experience in server setup and management - Knowledge of server security.

...fonts) "The next chapter of (your) soul's life is way more important and longer lasting, so shouldn't it get the serious attention it deserves? For (YOUR) own sake!" ---------------------------- (The following is smaller fonts than the top) "Join us for a six-part online course, expertly led by Master Lecturer Rabbi Shlomo Ezagui, and conveniently delivered live via Zoom with interactive Q&A sessions. Upon registration, you'll receive the Zoom link and student textbook. The course is priced at $95.00 for all six sessions, taking place on: - May 29 - June 5 - June 19 - June 26 - July 3 - July 11 All classes will begin at 7:30 p.m. and will be recorded, with access available to all registered participants. Lesson 1 Dem...

I'm looking for an expert to revitalize my company's logo; it's become outdated and we need a fresh look. I'm interested in a traditional, timeless design infused with earthy color tones. We are a ranch resort property located outside of Jackson Hole Wyoming. Th...manipulated at all, which is the actual skull itself. Ideal Skills/Experience: - Expertise in timeless design elements - Proficient in working with earthy color schemes - Excellent track record in logo redesign projects Considerations: - Keep style traditional and timeless - Employ an earthy color scheme - A modern and neat representation delivering same brand message - Usability across various media i.e. online, print, merchandise etc. is important. Your portfolio showcasing similar projects will ...

I'm looking for an experienced digital illustrator to create a realistic style piece of art for use on social media platforms.

... send examples of your work. Must speak good English. Not a standard template. Links to Social Media Pages. Thank you I'm looking for a talented web developer to build my blogging platform with a minimalist design approach. Key Elements: - A streamlined, uncluttered design that is aesthetically pleasing yet straightforward to navigate. - The inclusion of two key features: a comment section for interactive reader engagement and a 'share to social media' function to facilitate content promotion. Ideal Candidate: - Experience with minimalist web design - Expertise in developing interactive features, like comment sections - Proven track record in integrating social media sharing functions for websites - Understanding of blogging plat...

I require a skilled graphic designer to modify my existing logo. The modifications entail removing certain elements, which I'll provide you with the specifics of. The revised design should embody a bold and vibrant style....include: - Removing specific elements from the current logo - Ensuring the revised design is bold and vibrant in style - Creating the new logo in a variety of formats for both print and digital use Ideal skills for the job: - Proficiency in graphic design and logo editing - A good understanding of color theory and design elements - Experience in creating versatile logos for both digital and print media Your creativity and ability to tailor the logo to a bold and vibrant aesthetic will be greatly appreciated. Please provide samples of your previous logo wor...

Interactive Inspection Forms with Photo Upload for 1 form

Note before bids : my budget for whole this project is 10$ Development / Design social media website for mobile Functionalites that required : 1:Landing page that explain the concept 2: registration signing Signup 3: uploading profile picture 4: add friends and see friends of friends that joined 5: send invition link 6: write anonymously suggestions 7: points system: that lose or get points for used it.

Brand Overview: AI Should be Easy. Simple, not complex. Our logo should reflect this simplicity and ease of use. ...ai's innovative and trustworthy approach to AI solutions. It should balance being cutting-edge with accessibility, appealing to tech-savvy individuals while remaining welcoming to non-technical users. The tone should be serious and reliable, appropriate for a corporate audience. Application: The logo will be utilized across various mediums, including ’s web interface, mobile apps, print media, and potentially merchandise. It must be scalable to ensure its effectiveness from smaller scales like app icons to larger displays such as billboards or promotional banners. The design should function well in both full color and monochrome to suit different applicat...

Use a person's picture to search and find the person's pictures and videos posted in social media (such as TIKTOK, TELEGRAM, TWITTER, Instagram, FACEBOOK) or online forums (such as reddit, Quora, Digg).

I'm in need of a skilled video editor to create engaging Facebook ads out of raw footage that we provide. Each ad should be approximately 15-30 seconds long and should have a fast-paced, energetic style social media reels style. Key Responsibilities: - Edit raw video materials into 15-30 second Facebook ads - Ensure the ad has a fast-paced, energetic style - Incorporate a voice-over into the video, captions... -creativity Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in video editing for social media platforms - Proficient in creating videos with a fast-paced, energetic style - Ability to include a voice-over in the video, captions, animations... - Creative mindset and strong attention to detail If you are a video editor with a keen eye for creating high-energy, en...

I am in need of an experienced video editor capable of creating a captivating 360 video for YouTube. Tasks involve: - Stitching various video footage together. - Incorporating special effects that enhance the overall viewer experience. - Audio adjustments, to ensure impeccable sound quality. With the primary purpose of this project being social media based, particularly YouTube, an understanding of the platform's video requirements and viewer preferences would be advantageous. Skills in 360 video editing, the use of special effects, and audio adjustment are crucial. Knowledge in creating engaging content for YouTube will also be favored.

I'm seeking a skilled AI developer who can create (I have the blueprint) comedic engaging animated marketing video aimed at a young adult audience (25-40). Key Project Requirements: - Proven experience in programming AI to generate video content - Expertise in producing animated videos versus real footage or mixed media The ideal candidate should display proven results in creating marketing videos that increase audience engagement and brand awareness. Insight into young adult marketing trends is a must. You'll need to encompass all necessary stages of video creation, including concept development, animation, and final touches. This challenging project demands creativity alongside technical AI skills. Let's see how you can transform my marketing strategy with AI...

I am looking for a skilled professional who can establish a comprehensive social media presence for my project across all platforms - namely Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and more. The goal is to capture maximum attention and make sure we have as many eyes as possible on our content. Requirements: - Excellent knowledge of social media platforms - Proven experience in creating and managing social media content - Outstanding English communication skills Ideal Candidate: - Resides in USA / Canada - Fluent English Speaker - Experience in targeting adult audience on social media platforms The primary focus should be on creating engaging content to attract an adult audience, with the objective of increasing visibility and awareness. Remember, I don't need anyt...

I'm looking for a skilled video editor to help me enhance and edit my video reels for Instagram. Ideal skills and experience: - Proficient in video editing for social media content - Creative with a keen eye for detail - Ability to engage an audience through dynamic edits The primary goal is to create compelling and engaging reels that can attract and retain an Instagram audience. The editor should have a good understanding of Instagram's video guidelines and best practices. Key tasks include, but are not limited to: - Enhancing footage through editing techniques - Ensuring the reels are optimized for Instagram in terms of length, quality, and format - Adding text, captions, and other elements to enhance engagement - Providing suggestions for improvement and optimizat...

I am looking for experts in both social media marketing and influencer marketing, to push promotion of my affiliate link to pre-med and medical students in the U.S. The primary goal of this campaign will be to drive more sales. The campaign will focus on Instagram and Facebook. Ideal candidates should have proven skills and experience in: - Social Media Marketing, specifically on Instagram and Facebook - Influencer Marketing, capable of identifying and partnering with useful influencers - Developing promotional campaigns that effectively drive sales An understanding of the pre-med and medical student demographic would be beneficial for effectively tailoring the campaign.

I'm on the lookout for a marketing partner who's an expert in social media and can assist me in my e-commerce venture in the United States. I have a strategic plan waiting to be unfolded. - Expertise needed: - Social media marketing savvy and experience. - Familiar with email marketing efforts. - Deep understanding of popular social platforms. Join in, let's drive this business to success together.

...designer to conceptualize the layout and design both the inside and outside of a mobile sneaker merchandise store that doubles as a live streaming studio for the popular streamer Adin Ross. Key Features: - Customizable lighting system: The design should incorporate a customizable lighting system, to create a dynamic and engaging atmosphere. - Interactive product displays: The shelving for sneakers and clothing should be creatively backlit and interactive, to draw in customers. - Green screen backdrop: An area should be designed which can be used as a green screen for streaming and gaming, potentially with removable elements that incorporate lighting. Size and Dimensions: - The design should be inspired by the Tamara Mellon Mobile shoe store; please refer to this for siz...

...young adults, parents, and small business owners and should appeal broadly as we're a non-profit working with all. The main goal is to ramp up the engagement level on our image-based posts. Ideally, you have a history of accomplishing such goals and an understanding of how to reach this varied demographic. Key Skills: - Expertise in Facebook ad campaigns - Experience with non-profit social media marketing - Proven track record in boosting post engagements - Ability to target and appeal to a global audience. I am looking for someone with a proven track record to help me boost post engagements and reach of my non-profit's global audience on Facebook specifically. . I am looking to pay $200 per month to someone to spend my starting ad budget of $300 per month

I'm looking for experienced developers to design a user-friendly video chat website, tailored specifically for the use of frie...- User Profiles: Members should be able to create and manage their personal profiles. - Chat History: The website should have the ability to save and display chat histories for users' convenience. - File Sharing: Users must have the ability to share files smoothly within the platform. The ideal candidate for this project should have a demonstrable history of creating engaging, secure, and interactive websites with a focus on user experience. Mastery in video chat integrations and file-sharing solutions will be highly appreciated. You'll be creating a platform that brings families and friends closer, even when they're apart. Let&#...

I'm looking for an experienced developer to build a custom ecommerce website, primarily using WooCommerce. The focus of this project is the creation of a highly customized product page for our unique products. Here's what is required: - The product is custom and has multiple variables including color, size, and material type selection. The product page should allow ...guided through the customization process in an intuitive and user-friendly manner. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficient in WooCommerce and prior experience in building custom product pages. - Strong understanding of ecommerce platforms and best practices. - UI/UX design experience would be a plus. Looking forward to receiving bids from talented professionals who can deliver a high-quality, interactive...

I have a meticulously designed project that requires a highly proficient freelancer to bring it to life. The project focuses on Typescript, React, and DND, with a significant emphasis on interaction. Ideal Skills: • Expert understanding of React.js and Typescript • Proven experience in Drag and Drop programming Requirements: • Implement my design into functional, interactive components • Specifically incorporate drag and drop features and click events into the project Experience with similar projects is highly valuable. I seek someone who is dedicated, communicates effectively, and delivers high-quality results. Looking forward to discussing the project specifics when you're on board.

I am looking for a skilled After Effects expert who specializes in motion graphics. You will be working on a variety of social media content projects, primarily focusing on basic animations like text and logo animation.

I'm in need of a skilled data analyst who can help me analyze our sales data. Your main task will be to focus on our sales performance by region. Budhet is 100CAD Key responsibilities: - Analyzing sa...performance by region. Budhet is 100CAD Key responsibilities: - Analyzing sales data, with a focus on regional performance - Generating insights from the data - Creating an insightful dashboard Your deliverable will be an interactive Excel/Google Sheets document. This should clearly present the insights you've uncovered, particularly the regional sales performance. Ideal skills and experience: - Proficiency in data analysis, especially with sales data - A track record of creating insightful dashboards - Familiarity with Excel or Google Sheets, and the ability to create ...

...wireframe has structural issues, poor typography, and inconsistent spacing, creating an unorganized layout. In addition, we need a mobile version that aligns with the newly enhanced desktop design. Your expertise will ensure both versions meet professional standards. Key Requirements: Figma Proficiency: - Advanced proficiency in Figma for wireframing and design. - Create visually appealing, interactive layouts using reusable components. - Implement a minimalist design system. Design Refinement: - Overhaul typography for better readability and consistency. - Adjust spacing and layout for clarity and structure. - Implement a cohesive, minimalist visual style. Mobile Design: - Adapt the newly enhanced desktop wireframe to a mobile-compatible layout. -- Ensure consistent style and n...

I am in need of a proficient and experienced Windows Server and Active Directory expert who can assist with troubleshooting (also by CLI commands). My system is fully set up, but I am currently encountering some server errors that need to be addressed. Key responsibilities will include: - Diagnosing and repairing server errors. - Enhancing command line management. - Help in effective Server and Active Directory configuration. The ideal candidate would have extensive experience with Windows Server, Active Directory and knowledge on CLI commands to swiftly identify and rectify any errors. Your goal is to improve the overall health and performance of my existing setup. Errors like failed test DFSREvent",and replication faults

...editor who can help me reach and engage with my target audience effectively. Key Requirements: - Creating a few gridded posts and stylish reels on Instagram - Style: Minimalist/ Quirky - Audience: Primarily art collectors and artists Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in photo and video editing on Instagram - Strong understanding and demonstrated experience in creating minimalist content - Social media engagement experience - i am looking to hear your ideas on making my feed look good. PLEASE SEND ME SAMPLES OF YOUR WORK ON AN INSTAGRAM PROFILE I have attached some of the digital files I am looking to post on my instagram as grids. I have a keen interest in scouting people who are able to create minimalist and stylish posts and will consider working with you on a long term basis...

I'm in need of a skilled web designer and developer to create a Wordpress website for me. The site should have a similar concept to the provided example: Specific Features: - Customizable theme options for easy future updates - Image and video gallery for visual storytelling - Social media integration to boost online presence - Membership Registration Form to engage dedicated community members - Subscription functionality for regular updates - Donation system for fundraising - Online Radio Plugin for broadcasting - News Updates section for sharing information Primary Purpose: - The main goal of this website is to promote heritage conservation. - Additionally, it should provide news and updates related to the cause. - It should also enable

I'm looking for a skilled graphic designer to create a logo for my new business venture. The logo will be used on my website, social media, and other marketing materials. Key Requirements: - The logo should be unique and have a professional look. - Since this is for a startup, it should be captivating and memorable. - I am leaning towards a minimalist style, but I am open to your creative ideas. - The color blue should be incorporated into the design. Ideal Freelancer: - Experience in creating logos for startups or new businesses. - Proficient in graphic design software. - Ability to communicate and understand the branding needs of a new business.

I'm seeking a skilled developer to convert Figma designs into a WordPress blog. This task will require: - Strong proficiency in WordPress development - Knowledge of Figma - An eye for blog design will be advantageous Key website functionalities include: - Social media integrations - YouTube integration without autoplay - Implementation of Cookies, AdSense - SEO optimization - Easy mechanism for copying and pasting content. The website will host many blog posts as I'll be uploading AI-generated content often. If you're this person, I'm excited to work with you! IMPORTANT: Good communication skills are required as we will be discussing how the blog will be, its features, functionalities etc. Please ask any questions you have.

I'm looking for a developer who is well versed in API apps, Claude AI's API, and deploying chatbots on Wordpress websites. I have a comprehensive set of rules that work as a prompt in Claude to turn it into a game. The game functions well in Claude's environment, but I need it to be playable on the web. Possibly with ad serving capabilities so users can play for free Key Features: - Chatbot with (my already created) custom instructions, capable of having a back and forth conversation with users - ads or login feature for paid users in order to monetize Ideal Candidate: - Proficiency in using Claude API and Wordpress platform - Previous experience in building chatbots or chatbot games

... user behavior, and conversion rates. You're expected to provide a thorough and insightful examination of these aspects. - Data Collection: Data collection for the website is currently managed via Google Analytics. Your experience and proficiency with this tool is crucial. - Deliverables: I'd like the results of your analysis to be presented in written reports and clear visualisations ( an interactive dashboard maybe). These should be detailed, accurate, and accompanied by valuable visual representations of the data. Ideal Qualifications: - Proficiency in Data Analysis: You should have a strong background in data analysis and an ability to extract key insights from complex data sets. - Expertise in Google Analytics: Experience with Google Analytics is essential for th...