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Moral responsibility helps us understand punishment in that it allows one to establish the difference between one facing any adverse action and what constitutes a true ‘punishment’. Fletcher makes the argument, that there needs to moral component to punishment that in that someone, or in some cases animals, have done something that is morally wrong and therefore requires a systematic form of punishment. Fletcher’s example of an adverse action taken against someone (an animal in this instance), that is not actually a form of punishment is that of putting down a rabid dog. The dog has not done anything by acquiring rabies that is morally wrong, however, its existence is a threat to society at large, so an adverse action is taken against it in a utilitarian fashion to provide a greater benefit to the society at large. On the other hand, when someone has done something that is morally wrong such as committing murder or rape, the consequences that that person faces now become a punishment as someone has carried out an unjust action via their own agency. The consequences that follow are a method of repaying the “debt” that the perpetrator owe to society for having committed a crime that they are directly responsible for.